Steam Power Station (Thermal Station)

a. Basic Definition

Steam Power Station ya Thermal Station ek aisi facility hai jahan pe paani ko heat karke steam banaya jata hai aur phir is steam ki high-pressure energy se turbine ko chalaya jata hai. Turbine se jo mechanical energy milti hai, usse generator ke through electrical energy mein convert kara jata hai. Ye ek proven aur widely used method hai industrial scale pe electricity generate karne ka.

Short Trick: "Paani se steam, steam se turbine, turbine se bijli" – ye yaad rakhne ka aasan tareeka hai!

b. Basic Working

1. Fuel Combustion: Coal, natural gas, ya koi aur fossil fuel boiler mein burn kiya jata hai.

2. Steam Generation: Boiler ke andar paani heat hota hai aur high-pressure steam ban jati hai.

3. Turbine Drive: Steam ek nozzles ki madad se turbine blades pe hit hoti hai, turbine shaft ko rotate karti hai.

4. Power Generation: Turbine shaft se coupled generator mechanical rotation ko electrical power mein convert karta hai.

5. Condensation: Turbine ke baad low-pressure steam condenser mein jaake paani mein wapas convert ho jati hai.

6. Feed Water Cycle: Condensed paani feed pump se dobara boiler mein wapas jata hai for reheating. Yeh ek closed loop hai.

Example: Jaise ghar mein geyser hota hai, wahan bhi paani heat hota hai. Steam station mein bas pressure aur scale zyada hota hai.

c. Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages:

• Large scale power generation possible – plants hundred-megawatt se lekar gigawatt level tak ban sakte hain.
• Reliable aur continuously operate kar sakte hain bas fuel supply ho.
• Technology mature hai, global expertise available.
• Hybrid cycles use karke efficiency improve ki ja sakti hai (e.g., combined cycle plants).

Disadvantages:

• Fossil fuel combustion environment ko harm karta hai – CO₂ emissions.
• High water requirement – condenser ke liye paani ka massive consumption.
• Operational cost high ho sakta hai fuel price fluctuations ki wajah se.
• Plant setup capital intensive – land, equipment aur safety systems expensive hote hain.

Short Tip: "Clean coal" ya carbon capture technologies istemal karke environmental impact thoda reduce kar sakte hain.

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