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Magnetic Materials & B–H Curve Notes for AKTU B.Tech EE | AKTU Electrical Machine-1 Easy Notes by Electrical Zindagi

Magnetic Materials & B–H Curve Notes for AKTU B.Tech EE | AKTU Electrical Machine-1 Easy Notes by Electrical Zindagi


❓ Questions Covered in This Post

  • Write short notes on following - Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetic, Antiferromagnetic, Fairri magnetic
  • Draw the BH curve for a ferromagnetic material and identify the retentivity and the cursive field on the curve


📑 Table of Contents

  • Basic Introduction
  • Important Formula
  • Ferromagnetic Materials
  • Paramagnetic Materials
  • Diamagnetic Materials
  • Antiferromagnetic Materials
  • Ferrimagnetic Materials
  • B–H Curve of Ferromagnetic Material
  • Quick Summary Points
  • Exam Writing Strategy (AKTU)

🔹 BASIC INTRODUCTION

Magnetic materials wo materials hote hain jo magnetic field ke effect me aakar magnetize ho jaate hain. Electrical machines (transformer, motor, generator) me core material magnetic hota hai, isliye unki properties samajhna bahut important hai.

Jab kisi material par magnetic field H lagayi jaati hai, to usme magnetic flux density B develop hoti hai. B–H Curve hume batata hai material kitna easily magnetize hota hai, magnetism remove karne me kitni field chahiye, aur energy loss kitna hota hai.

🔹 IMPORTANT BASIC FORMULA

B = μH

Where: B = Magnetic flux density (Wb/m²)

H = Magnetic field intensity (A/m)

μ = Permeability of material

1️⃣ Ferromagnetic Materials

Definition: Ferromagnetic materials wo hote hain jo magnetic field lagane par bahut strongly magnetize ho jaate hain aur field hatane ke baad bhi magnetism retain kar sakte hain.

  • High permeability
  • Strong attraction by magnet
  • Show hysteresis
  • Retain magnetism

Examples: Iron, Nickel, Cobalt, Steel

Uses: Transformer core, motor core, generator core

2️⃣ Paramagnetic Materials

Definition: Paramagnetic materials weakly magnetize hote hain jab magnetic field lagti hai, aur field hatate hi magnetism almost zero ho jaata hai.

  • Small positive permeability
  • Weak attraction
  • No hysteresis
  • Temporary magnetism

Examples: Aluminium, Platinum, Manganese

3️⃣ Diamagnetic Materials

Definition: Diamagnetic materials magnetic field ke opposite direction me magnetize hote hain, isliye ye repel hote hain magnet se.

  • Permeability less than free space
  • Weak repulsion
  • No permanent magnetism

Examples: Copper, Bismuth, Silver, Gold

4️⃣ Antiferromagnetic Materials

Definition: In materials me adjacent atomic moments equal aur opposite direction me hote hain, isliye net magnetization zero hota hai.

  • Very small permeability
  • No strong magnetism
  • No hysteresis

Examples: MnO, NiO

5️⃣ Ferrimagnetic Materials

Definition: Ferrimagnetic materials me atomic moments opposite direction me hote hain, par unequal hote hain, isliye net magnetization hota hai.

  • Moderate permeability
  • Lower loss than ferromagnetic
  • High resistivity

Examples: Ferrites

🔹 B–H Curve of Ferromagnetic Material

Explanation:

Jab H gradually increase karte hain:

  • B increase hota hai

  • Saturation point aata hai

Jab H zero karte hain:

  • B zero nahi hota

  • Kuch flux bacha rehta hai → Retentivity (Br)

Jab reverse H lagate hain:

  • B zero ho jaata hai

  • Required H = Coercive field (Hc)

Retentivity (Br): Magnetic field remove karne ke baad jo flux density bachi rehti hai.

Coercive Field (Hc): Reverse magnetic field required to make B = 0.


⚡ QUICK SUMMARY POINTS

  • B = μH
  • Ferromagnetic → Strong magnetism
  • Paramagnetic → Weak magnetism
  • Diamagnetic → Repulsion
  • Antiferromagnetic → Net zero magnetism
  • Ferrimagnetic → Unequal opposite moments
  • Retentivity → Remaining flux
  • Coercive field → Reverse H to make B zero

🔥 Exam Writing Strategy (AKTU)

  • Small introduction
  • Formula B = μH
  • 5 short notes
  • B–H curve explanation
  • Retentivity & Coercive field
  • Diagram

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❓ FAQ

Q1. What are magnetic materials?
A. Materials that get magnetized in a magnetic field.

Q2. What is B–H curve?
A. Graph between magnetic flux density B and field intensity H.

Q3. What is retentivity?
A. Remaining magnetism after field is removed.

Q4. What is coercive field?
A. Reverse field to make B zero.

Q5. Which material is used in transformers?
A. Ferromagnetic material.

Q6. Difference between ferro and ferri?
A. Ferri has unequal opposite moments.

Q7. How this post helps?
A. Easy AKTU-oriented notes for quick revision.

🔍 SEO Keywords

Magnetic materials notes, B–H curve AKTU, Electrical Machine-1 notes, Ferromagnetic paramagnetic diamagnetic, Ferrimagnetic antiferromagnetic, AKTU EE notes, BTech EE magnetic materials, Electrical Zindagi notes

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